What kind of control surface does the aircraft have?

The correct answer is elevator. The elevator is a crucial control surface located on the horizontal stabilizer of an aircraft. Its primary function is to control the pitch attitude of the aircraft, allowing the pilot to raise or lower the nose of the airplane during flight. When the pilot pushes or pulls on the control yoke or stick, the elevator moves up or down, changing the airflow over the horizontal stabilizer, which affects the aircraft's angle of attack and, subsequently, its climb or descent.

To summarize, the elevator directly influences the aircraft's ability to climb or descend by altering its pitch. This is fundamental to maintaining controlled flight and coordinating maneuvers during various phases of flight such as takeoff, cruising, and landing. Understanding the role and function of the elevator is vital for safe and effective piloting.