What is defined as the Maximum Takeoff Weight?

The Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) is crucial for the safe operation of an aircraft and is defined as the maximum weight that is approved for the start of the takeoff run. This specification is determined by the aircraft manufacturer and is critical for ensuring that the aircraft can safely take off, climb, and perform adequately during flight. Exceeding this weight can compromise the aircraft's performance, leading to longer takeoff distances, reduced climb rates, and potential control issues during the initial phase of flight.

The other options do not capture the specific definition of MTOW. While the total weight on the ground before takeoff and the combined weight of passengers and fuel are important considerations in overall weight and balance calculations, they do not specifically denote the MTOW as defined in aviation regulations. The maximum weight including cargo and people is broader than MTOW, which is a specific limit set for the takeoff phase only. Therefore, the precise definition of MTOW aligns with the maximum weight approved for the start of the takeoff run.